Conversion of a Small-Size Passenger Car to Hydrogen Fueling: Simulation of CCV and Evaluation of Cylinder Imbalance

In the efforts to achieve zero-emission transportation, hydrogen offers a valid choice as complete replacement of gasoline. Adapting spark ignition (SI) engines this alternative fuel can be implemented with relatively minor changes and limited investment in added components. The conversion small-size passenger car fueling was evaluated initially from perspective achievable range peak power. Overall, concept found feasible comparable fully electric version vehicle. Cylinder imbalance one possible issues compared gasoline operation. This study looks more detail at cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) how could influence vehicle dynamics well noise–harshness–vibration (NHV). CCV simulated 0D/1D approach vehicle-relevant engine speed–load conditions. A dedicated laminar flame speed sub-model so include chemistry effects, while by inducing perturbations initial combustion stages system characteristics variation air–fuel ratio throughout propagation. Significant improvement stability predicted hydrogen, cylinder main sources variability. Applying algorithms that compensate for through individual injection valve regulation may not enough mitigate identified issue, extensive control strategies required. start settings need adapted each operating condition maximize effect H2 stabilization.